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晴 (pronounced qíng, meaning “clear sky”) is combined with the semantic radical 日, meaning the “sun,” and the phonetic component 青, (pronounced qīng) that is similar to the combined character’s pronunciation. 清 (pronounced qīng, meaning “clean and clear water,” that is combined with the semantic radical 氵, meaning “water,” and the phonetic component 青, to be pronounced qīng. The radical is typically a modified pictograph. Semantic-Phonetic Compound Character (形声字/形聲字/xíng shēng zì): a character that combines a semantic element, known as a radical, with a phonetic element that indicates proper pronunciation.
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(Regular writing: 明) is combined with the sun ( ) and the moon ( ) to mean “bright.” (Regular writing: 林) is combined with two trees ( + ) to mean “forest.” Logical Compound Character (会意字/會意字/huì yì zì): a character intended to symbolize logical, or abstract, terms with two pictograms that are combined.Indicative stroke added to (刀, knife) for the modern character (刃, blade) 2.2 Compound Patterns Indicative stroke added to the lower part of (木, tree) for the modern character (本, root) Indicative Character (指事字/zhĭ shì zì): a character created by adding a stroke (an indicator) – to a pictogram to indicate a logical, or abstract, term related to the pictogram’s meaning.Pictograph (象形字/xiàng xíng zì): a character with a semantic element that the ancient Chinese created by “symbolizing” real objects such as animals, plants, and planets.One authority, cited in Shuowen (说文/説文/shuō wén), a Han Dynasty dictionary (206 BC-220 AD) mentions the following: 2.1 Primary Patterns Table 1: Liu Shu (the Six Forming Chinese Character Categories) and examplesįrom a study of Chinese history, we know that six patterns, or styles, form the basis of all characters. 2 Formation of Chinese Characters: Liu Shu (六书/六書/liù shū) – the Six Methods of Forming Chinese Characters It creates a contemplative, relaxed mood – essential for emotional balance and well-being. In this digital age of smartphones, laptops and apps, it conveys traditional values through the delicate application of brush to paper. Requiring day-in day-out discipline to master, calligraphy provides enormous aesthetic and emotional benefits to a practitioner. Keen observers, for example, can follow patterns of characters to discern whether the writer was having a good or bad day. Practitioners live across Asia and elsewhere around the world. It anchors the present to the past.Ĭalligraphy as an art form has another feature: It reflects the calligrapher’s own personality, regardless of age or nationality. Amid rapid-fire change in China and elsewhere, its beauty and self-expression resonate among practitioners. As a result, calligraphy is considered in Asian societies the supreme visual art form, even more valued than painting and sculpture, and is ranked alongside poetry as the highest form of self-expression.
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As calligraphy evolved, it began to reflect distinctive characteristics of China’s dynasties from as early as 1500 BC. It came into being before the invention of paper and ink, with etchings known as “oracle bones,” that appeared as divine representations on turtle shells and animal bones. In its multiple forms of artistic nuance, calligraphy truly is the gateway to China’s “soul.” Without an awareness of what calligraphy represents, one’s appreciation of China will never be realized fully.Ĭhinese Calligraphy is known as “the correct way of writing Chinese characters” (and it also refers to the completed piece of calligraphy writing). It’s an infinitely rich form of art that is thousands of years old, with practitioners who, over the centuries, have blended style and form to enrich China’s history and culture. Culture 1 IntroductionĬalligraphy is much, much more than literally applying brush strokes to paper. This chapter will provide an overview of the study of Chinese calligraphy it will feature the early history, evolution, and formation of Chinese characters and it will show case proper posture for sitting and standing and, finally, brush-holding techniques.